290
79 FEDERAL REPORTER.
of Loraine, 22 Fed. 54; Hill v. Graham, 72 Mich. 659, 667,40 N. W. 779; Carrier v. Gordon, 21 Ohio St. 605, 609; Winnipiseogee Paper Co. v. Town of Northfield (.N. H.) 29 Atl. 453. In Carrier v. Gordon the court said: "To say that the sImple purchase of the property with an Intention to remove It would relIeve It from lIability to taxation would be to make its liabillty depend upon the mere intention of the owner, and subject to change as often as the owner changed his Intention. There would be no safety or certainty in such a rule. The safer and better rule is the one indicated,-to consider the property actually In transit as belonging to the place of Its destination, and property not In transIt as property In the place of Its situs, wIthout regard to the IntentIon of the owner, or hIs resIdence In or out of the state."
See, also, Cooley, Tax'n, 98, and authorities there cited; State v. Dalrymple (.N. J. Sup.) 28 At!. 671; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Hitchcock Co. (.Neb.) 59 N. W. 358; State v. William Deering & Co. (Minn.) 57 N. W. 313. The court did not err in granting a nonsuit. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed, with costs.
lWRTON v. KIRK et at
(Oircult Court, E. D. MissourI, N. D. March 23, 1897.) TAXATION-LEVY BY COUNTY BELOW STATUTORY LIMIT-RIGHTS OF JUDGMENT CREDITOR-MANDAMUS.
A judgment creditor of a county, Who, having the statutory right to require the county to make an annual levy of 5 per cent. to pay current ex:penses and debts, makes no objectIon to repeated smaller levies, bas no right, after the lapse of several years, to mandamus to compel a levy sufficIent to make up the deficIency.
F. L. Schofield and W. C. Holliste, for relator. Charles D. Stewart, for respondents. WILLIAMS, District Judge. This is a petition for mandamus. The defendants are officials of Knox county, Mo. The petition sets up that on August 9, 1879, the county executed to the relator its warrant for $4,497.41; that on October 9, 1894, relator brought suit upon it in this court, and on December 7, 1894, recovered judgment for $8,627.40; that sundry payments have been made upon it out of the special tax of one-twentieth of 1 per cent., required by law to be levied to pay warrants of this description, but that it will take many years to pay the judgment out of this tax; that the county is bound to levy a five-mill tax each year to pay current expenses and debts, but that for the years 1879, 1881, 1884, and 1885 the county only levied four mills. The prayer of the petition is that the county be required to levy, in addition to the five mills lawfully levied already for the current year, the four mills that were omitted during those years. An alternative mandamus has already been issued, and a response has been filed, to two paragraphs of which a demUl'rer has been interposed. It is a familiar rule that a demurrer to one pleading reaches back to the substance of all prior pleadings, and judgment upon it will be
DENVER & R. G. R. CO. V. LORENTZEN.
2G1
DENVER & R. G. R. CO. v. LORENTZEN. (Olrcult Oourt of Appeals, Eighth Oircult. March 1, 1897.) No. 810.
261; Gorman v. Lennox, 15 Pet. 117; Clearwater v. Meredith, 1 Wall. 2,6; Aurora Oity v. West, 7 Wall. 94; Hudson Canal Co. v. Pennsylvania Coal Co., 8 Wall. 288. It is therefore unnecessary to
rendered against him who is first at fault.
U. S. v. Arthur, 5 Cranch,
1.
REVIEW ON ERROR-BILL Of' EXCEPTIONS.
The circuit court of appeals will not review the action of a trial court in failing to direct a verdict for a plaintiff or defendant on issues of fact or on a mixed issue of law and fact, unless the bill of exceptions affirmatively shows that it contains all the evidence. It is not error for the court, in an action for personal injuries brought by a woman, to call the jury's attention to the possible bearing of her sex upon the question of contributory negligence, and to permit them to determine, in view of her sex and all the surrounding circumstances, whether she exercised such care as was reasonably to be expected from her.
2.
NEGLIGENCE-PEHSOKAL IN,TURJES-INSTRUCTIONS.
a;
TRIAL-\VEIGHT OF EVIDE:-;rCE.-INRTHUCTTONS.
The giving of an instruction that positive evidence is entitled to more weight than negative always rests largely in the discretion of the court, and it is certainly not error to decline to give such instruction in a case