1008
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 72.
UNITED STATES v. MURPHY et 81. (Oircuft Court of Appeals, Second Oircuit. March 17, 1896.)
1.
OUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-WORSTED DRESS GOODs-WHEN WILSON LAW TOOK EFFECT.
The provision in the tariff act of August 27, 1894, that the reduction of duties therein made on "manufactures of wool" was not to take effect until January 1, 1895, did not apply to manufactures of worsted. Hence women's and children's dress goods of worsted imported in the meantime should have been classified under paragraph 283 of that act, and not under paragraph 305 of the act of October 1, 1890. 68 Fed. 908, affirmed. The act of May 9, 1890, known as the "Dingley Act," which required the secretary of the treasury to classify all worsted cloths as woolens, was not a mere administrative regulation, but an amendment to the existing tariff law (Act 1883), changing the duty on worsteds (U. S. v. Ballin, 12 Sup. Ot. 507, 144 U. S. 1), and hence was superseded by the McKinley act of October 1, 1890, which covered the entire field of wool and worsted manufactures.
S.
SAME.
This is an appeal from a decision of the circuit court, Southern district of New York (68 Fed. 908), reversing a decision of the board of general appraisers, which affirmed the action of the collector of the port of New York in the classification for customs duties of certain merchandise imported by the appellees,Alexander Murphy & Co. Wallace Macfarlane, for the United States. Wm. Wickham Smith, for appellees. Before WALLACE, LACOMBE, and SHIPMAN, Circuit Judges. LACOMBE,- Circuit Judge. The articles in question were enteredfrom the steamship Waesland, August 29-30, 1894. The board of appraisers found them to be women's and children's dress goods, composed of worsted, and the correctness of that finding is conceded. The importers claimed they were dutiable under the Wilson tariff, thenin force, being the act of August 27, 1894. Paragraph 283 of that act provides as follows: "283. On women's and children's dress goods, coat linings, Italian cloth, bunting, or goods of similar description or Character, and on all manufactures, composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca or other animals, * · · valued at not over fifty cents per pound. forty per centum ad valorem; valued at more than fifty cents per pound, fifty per centum ad valorem."
The collector assessed them for duty under paragraph 395 of the McKinley tariff, being the act of October 1, 1890, which paragraph reads as follown: "395. On women's and .children's dress goods, coat linings, Italian cloth,. bunting, and goods of similar description or character, composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals, and not specially provided for in this act, the duty shall be twelve cents per square yard, and In addition thereto fifty per centum ad valorem."
The collector claimed to find authority for classifying these worsted dress goods under the act of 1890, instead of under the act of 1894, in paragraph 297 of the latter act, which reads as follows: "297. The reduction of the rates of duty herein provided for manufactures uf wool shall take effect January first, 1895:'
UNITED STATES t1. IIlJRPBT.
1009
On behalf of the government it is contended that the words "manufactures of wool," as used in that paragraph, are to be given the broadest construction, and to be held to include "manufactures of worsted," although it is apparent from paragraph 283, above quoted, that the framers of that act evidently understood that "manufactures of wool," "manufactures of worsted," "manufactures of camel hair," and "manufactures of goat hair," were different articles. It is unnecessary to discuss this contention. We entirely concur in the opinion of the judge who heard the case in the circuit court, which opinion will be found reported 68 Fed. 908. An additional argument is presented here which does not seem to have been pressed upon the circuit court. On May 9, 1890, while the tariff of 1883 was in force, congress passed what is known as the "Dingley Act" (chapter 200, Laws 1890; 26 Stat. 105). It reads as follows: "A.n act providing for the classification of worsted cloths as woolens. "That the secretary of .the treasury be, and he hereby is, authorized and directed to classify as woolen cloths all imports of worsted cloths, whether known under the name of worsted cloth or under the names of worsteds or diagonals or otherwise,"
Counsel for the government contends that this act was intended to abrogate the old rule of construction based on commercial designations; that worsteds were thereafter to be classified as woolens; and that, therefore, it was a permanent instruction to be followed by customs officers, until expressly repealed, irrespective of whatever changes might subsequently be made in rates of duty on woolen or on worsted cloth. If the Dingley act were given the construction approved by the circuit court in the Southern district of New York in Re Ballin, 45 Fed. 170, there might be force in this contention. It was held in that case that this statute was purely administrative, regulating a special method of classification, to be carried out by of. ficial action of the secretary of the treasury, and with nothing on its face to indicate that it was intended to repeal or in any way alter any act imposing customs duties. If it were a mere administrative regulation, it might fairly be urged that it would remain in force until Ilome other administrative statute prescribed some different method of classification. But the difficulty here is that this decision of the circuit court was revE:ri;led by the supreme court. U. S. v. Ballin, 144 U. S. 1, 12 Sup. Ct. 507. That court held that it was a self-executing act, providing for a rate of duty on worsted cloths. In other words, its effect was to amend the tariff of 1883 by inserting therein a provision for worsted cloths, laying upon such cloths the same rate of duty as that tariff prescribed for woolen cloths. Subsequently, the McKinley act, of October 1, 1890, was passed. It contains paragraphs covering the entire field of wool and worsted manufactures, including woolen cloths and worsted cloths, and, of course, superseded the earlier tariff act of 1883 and the Dingley act, which, as construed by the supreme court, was simply an amelldment of that act. In re Straus, 46 Fed. 522; Kent v. U. S., 68 Fed. 536. The Dingley act, therefore, is no longer in force. The decision of the circuit court is .affirmed. "j.'i v.72F.no.8-64 .
DADIRRIAN v. YACUBIAN et al. (Circuit Court; N. D. Illinois. March 25, 1896.} TRADE-M,um-FoREIGN NAME OF ARTICLE-MATZOON.
The word "Matzoon," having been in use in Armenia for centuries to designate an article of food made of fermented milk, cannot be appropriated as a trade-mark by the manufacturer who first introduced both the name and the article into the United States. Nor, on the theory that the word bas become in a special or secondary sense a mark of origin for complainant's goods, can defendants be enjoined from the \lse of the word on a label which, by a distinctive mark and accompanying printed explanations, plainly indicates the product bearing such label to be that of defendants and not that of complainant.
In Equity. On motion. Suit for injunction by Margar G. Dadirrian against Meshack M. Yacubian and Elia Tekirian. Complainant moves for a preliminary injunction. Betts, Hyde & Betts and W. B. Whitney, for complainant. A. P. Brown and Dupee, Judah, Williard & Wolf, for defendants. SHOWALTER, Circuit Judge. Complainant, Dr. Dadirrian, is a physician. He is a native of Cesaria, in Turkish Asia Minor, and since August, lS84, has been, and now is, a resident and citizen of this country. Commencing in 1885, he has manufactured, and from July of that year has sold in New York, Chicago, and other cities a liquid or semiliquid preparation, which from the first he has called, and named· on his bottles, "Matzoon," or "Dr. Dadirrian's Matzoon." He now moves for an injunction to stop defendants-natives of Ar· menia, but naturalized in this country-from using the name "Mat· zoon" in connection with a like product manufactured and sold by them in this country from a time, it would seem, prior to 1894. In Armenia and Oriental countries other than China and Japan, a familiar and common article of food or diet is, and for centuries has been, made from sterilized and fermented milk. This product va· ries in consistency from a jelly to a liquid or semiliquid form; the latter being especially appropriate, also, as a diet for the sick. In Armenia the common, ancient, and familiar name of this product is a word which, by transliteration into English letters, becomes "Mad· zoon" or "Matzoon." In connection with the sworn pleadings and a very large number of affidavits, two books of Oriental travel, writ· ten in English, and published in this country in 1868,-one in Boston and the other in New York,-were produced at the hearing. In these books the word ''Madzoon'' repeatedly appears, the reference being to the· article of food or diet already mentioned. As written in Armenian characters, the name which these authors thus repro· duced in English letters is not intelligible to persons unacquainted with the Armenian tongue. The writers referred to either used a transliteration which had previously come under their notice, or spontaneously adopted what seemed to them the appropriate letters to indicate in English the name as sounded by the people who habit· _By spoke of the food product in question. It is i:nsisted by com·