DORAN V. FJ,OOD.
543
commerce guarantied by the constitution, should be driven to the "silly and ruinous proceeding" of procuring a store-room, and shipping in his goods, before he could reasonably anticipate a demand for them; and that, therefore, the means of effecting such sales through the agency of "drummers" taking orders in advance are permissible, and the right is not to be interfered with nor hampered by subjecting the solicitor to the imposition of a state license fee, or tax in other form. This view was sustained by the majority opinion, and reaffirmed in Asher v. Texas, 128 U. 8. 129, 9 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1. The latest holding must be the law for the government of this court, until reversed by the court of last resort. It results that, the petitioners being restrained of their liberty in contravention of the third clause of section 8. art. 1, of the federal constitution, which gives to congress alone the power to regulate commerce therefrom. among the several states, they are entitled to be It is accordingly so ordered.
DORAN V. FWOD
et d. September 4, 1891.)
(Circuit COltrt, S. D. New York. DEATH BY WRONGFUL ACT-PARTIIlS.
Defendants W. & V., having contracted to build a house for the owners, procLlred defendant F., at a particularly small price, to haul piles for the building. F., who had no .trucks for the purpose, dragged the piles along the street, in violation of a city ordinance, and by reason thereof killed plaintiff's intestate. Beld. that, in an action against F., the contractors, and the owners, a verdict should be directed for the owners, and the question of the liability of W. & V. should be left to the jury.
At Law. Herman H. Shoole, for plaintiff. Ernest Hall, for Walls & Van Riper.
WHEELER, J. The defendants Walls & Van Riper agreed to erect a building for the defendants Glass & Glass on Bloomfield street, in New York, for which they got piles at North river, which were to be hauled about 200 feet along Thirteenth avenue into Bloomfield street. An ordinance of the city prohibited timber on the surJaee of streets. Walls & Van Riper procured the defendant Flood, who had no trucks or teams for the purpose, to haul them for 2.'5 cents each, without providing at all as to the manner of hauling. He took the job for his brother, who had a team and driver that dragged them on the surface of the streets. The plaintifJ"s intestate, a boy between four and five years old, was about crossing Bloomfield street, as the team with two piles came along Thirteenth avenue, and turned into that street. The driver paid no attention to the child, who was caught under the logs turning the
544
FEDEHAL REPORTER, vol. 47.
corner, dragged along by them, and injured so that he Soon died. This suit is brought for that injury. A verdict was directed for all but Flood, and found against him. The plaintiff has moved to set aside the verdict for the defendants, and the motion has been heard. The verdict for the defendants Glass & Glass appears to be clearly right. They had nothing to do about procuring the piles. Walls & Van Riper got them where and as they pleased. The question is different as to them. The ordinance had the force of a statute, and created a prohibition for the safety of the public, as well as for the preservation of the streets. Ch'icago v. Robbins, 2 Black, 418; Robbins v. Chicago, 4 Wall. 657; Hayes v. Railroad Co., 111 U. S. 228, 4 Sup. Ct. Rep. 369. Those who have work, dangerous in itself, and requiring particular care, done, cannot shield themselves by letting it out to others without providing for the necessary care. If these defendants had contracted for dragging thm;e logs along the streets as they were dragged, and so dragging them caused the injury, they would, without doubt, be liable. Letting the hauling for that distance at that price, to a person not a common carrier, who had no trucks or connection with facilities for doing it otherwise than by dragging, would have some tendency towards showing that the understanding with the defendants was that it was to be done by dragging, as it was done. The jury might have found that moving such logs in such streets was dangerous in itself; and the cir<mmstances of the injury tended to show that dragging the logs instead of trucking them caused it. Whether those who procure that to be done which may be done either in one way that is lawful, or in another way that is unlawful, are liable for the consequences of doing it in the unlawful way, if they do not provide for having it done in the lawful manner, need nut be decided now. The questions as to what the understanding as to the manner of hauling was, and as to the dangerous character of the work in itself, should, with others involved, as the subject is now viewed, have been submitted to the jury. Motion granted as against Walls & Van Riper.
CRAWSON
V.
WESTERN UNION TEL. Co. October 7, 1891.)
(CirCUit Court, W. D. Arkansas.
To warrant tue consideration of mental suffering as an element of damages there must be such gross negligence on the part of the agents of the company as to indicate a wanton or malicious purpose in failing to transmit and deliver the message. To warrant the consideration of mental suffering in fixing the amount of damages, the mental suffering must be an element of physical pain, or the natural and proximate resnlt of some physical injury.
(Syllabm by the Court.)