THE GLOAMING.
671
In Admiralty. Suit to enforce alien. Goodrich, Deady & Goodrich, for libelant. Wing, Shoudy & Ptltnam, for claimant. BENEDICT, J. This is an action to enforce a lien for freight and demurrage. The defense as to the freight is that the lien for freight was waived. The defense as to the demurrage is that no detention was caused by the consignee of the cargo. In the case of Costello v. Laths, 44 Fed. Rep. 105, the decision of this court was that a delivery of cargo subject to a lien for freight, made to the person liable to pay the freight, will not be held to be a waiver of the lien for freight unless facts appear from which it can be found that the of ueliwry of the cargo was accompanied with an intention to waive the lien for II·eight. Following the reasoning of that case, the question here is whether it appears that the act of delivering' this coal was accompanied with an intention on the part of the master of the vessel to wai ve the lien for freight. In my bpinion it does not so appear.' The fact is proved that the master demanded his freight before the unloading of the cargo was completed, and when the freight was not paid he stopped the delivery; then. going on, he made special delivery of the remainder subject to the lien for freight. This is sufficient. in my opinion, to show that the master at no time int.ended to abandon his lien. There must therefote be a decree entered for the libelant for the amount of the freight, with interest and costs. As to demurrage, I do not think a case of liability for detention of the vessel is made out.
THE GLOAMING." BRAKER
et al, v.
GLOAMING.
(District Cottrt. E. D. New :fork. June 11,1891.) CARRIERS-DAMAGE TO CARGO-OIL A:I'D
Casks of plumbago and cocoanut oil w.ere together III the ShIp G., on her arrival from Ceylon the plumbago was dIscharged damaged by the 011. It is customary to stow the two articles in the same ship, and leakage from casks of such oil on voyages from Ceylon to New York is to be expected. Some of the oil was stowed in the wings of the ship, between decks, and the plumbago stowed between the wingS,where the oil was, was .laid on the No precaution was taken to prevent the leakage of .the 011 from .reachmg the plumbago. Held that, even if the was by perIls of the sea, yet, ali the damage to the plumbago might have been aVOided by the exercise of skill and diligence, the omissi,?n to take apy preca?Uon agamst such damage constituted negligence for whIch the carrier was hable.
In Admiralty. Suit to recover for damage to cargo. R. Burnham Moffatt, for libelants. Wing, Shoudy & Putna'm, for claimant. 1
Reported by Edward G. Benedict, Esq., of the New York bar.
672
FEDERAL. REPORTER,
vol. 46.
BENEDICT, J. This is an action to recover damages for the failure on the part of the ship Gloaming to deliver in like good order as shipped certain barrels of plumbago brought to the port of New York from Colombo, Ceylon. The entire consignment of plumbago amounted to 1,909 barrels. On the arri val at New York some 200 barrels were found to have been rendered unmerchantable by contact with cocoanut oil. The cargo of the ship consisted of plumbago and cocoanut oil, the latter in pipes, puncheons, and barrels. Of the packages of cocoanut oil, 12 emptied themselves of their contents during the voyage either wholly or partially, and the damage to the libelants' plumbago arose from this tact. rfhe evidence shows thatit is customary to stow cocoanut oil and plumbago in the same ship, and that leakage from casks of cocoanut oil on such a voyage is to be expected, owing to the fact that the heat of the sun upon a ship during the voyage from Ceylon to New York will cause the casks to shrink and the oil to leak. Leakage of cocoanut oil to a greater or less amount was therefore to be expected on the voyage in question. It appears by the testimony of Charles Gertschaw, who was the stevedore who discharged the Gloaming in New York, that the plumbago belonging to the libelants which was damaged came from the between-decks of the ship. The following was the stowage in the betweendecks: She had oil right from the fore peak to the fore part of the afthatch solid, and then she had two tiers of oil in each wing of the ship. In the middle of that, and on top, was plumbago, and some coir yarn right aft. This plumbago, stowed between the wings, where cocoanut <»3 ,vas stowed, was, according to the stevedore, laid on the decks, so that the bottom of the casks got soaked with the oil leaking onto the between-decks from the oil casks in the wings. It is manifest that with such stowage cocoanut oil would be present upon the between-decks of the ship, and that it would damage plumbago stowed on the betweendecks, unless some precaution was taken to prevent the oil from reaching the plumbago. The testimony of the stevedore shows that no such precaution was taken. In my opinion, to stow plumbago in such a place upon the decks, without protection from oil that might flow on the decks, in view of the fact that oil might be expected to leak upon the deck from the casks of oil 8towed in the wings, was negligence; for assuming, but not deciding, that the leakage of the oil is shown to have been caused by peril of the sea, yet, inasmuch as evidently damage to tb.e cargo from the leakage might have been avoided by a reasonable exercise of skill and diligence, the omission to take any precaution against such damage constitutes negligence, and for negligence the carrier is liable.
BACK II.
SIERRA NEVADA CONSOLIDATED MIN. CO.
673
BACK v. SIERRA NEVADA CONSOLIDATED MIN. CO. (Circuit Court, D. Idaho. June 30,1891.)
1.
FIJ:DERAL OoURTS-TRANSFER OF CAUSES FROM TERRITORIAL COURTS.
Transfer of causes to national courts, under the admission act of Idaho, may be made by certified copies of the files and records, and such courts have no power to compel a state court to transmit its files and papers. The record must show that the facts at the commencement of the action were such as would give the United States court jurisdiction had it theu existed; aod an affidavit showing the value of the matter in dispute when it was made, instead of when the action was commenced, is insufficient.
2.
SAME-SUFFICIENCY OF RECORD.
(svnabu8 by the Court.)
On Motion to Dismiss the Hecord. W. B. Heyburn, for plaintiff. Albert Hagan, for defendant. BEATTY, J. The record in this cause shows that the plaintiff claims to be the owner of the Pilgrim tunnel site, located in pursuance of the provisions of section 2323, Rev. St. U. S., and defendant claims to be the owner of the Sierra Nevada mining claim; that, to defendant's application for a patent for such mining claim, the plaintiff'interposed in the land-office his protest, and, in support thereof, brought this action in the district court ofIdaho territory; that on the 9th day of July, 1890, after the admission of Idaho as a state on the 3d day of said month, the plaintiff' filed in said territorial court his request for a transfer of the cause to this court, and at the same time, with his request, filed his affidavit, stating therein "that the said action is one brought under the laws of the United States, and that the adjudication of the issues therein made involves the construction of the acts of the congress of the United States," and" that the sum and value involved in said action exceeds the sum of two thousand dollars, exclusive of costs." On the 17th day of October, 1890, the plaintiff' filed in this court a transcript of the'record of said cause. The defendant, on the 7th day of April, 1891, filed in this court a motion to strike from the files and dismiss said transcript, and on the next day the plaintiff filed his motion for an order of this court directing the court and clerk having the custody of the original papers to transmit the same to this court. The questions involved in this hearing are the motion to dismiss the transcript, the motion for an order on the state court and clerk to transmit to this court the original files in the cause, the value of the matter in dispute, and whether the construction of a congressional act is involved in determining the issues in the cause. In accordance with the decision of this court, the learned circuit judge presiding, rendered June 18, 1891, in the case of Burke v. Concentrating Go., 46 Fed. Rep. 644, it is concluded that duly-authenticated copies of the original files and record in the territorial court may be used here, and that this court has no power to compel the state court, now the custodian of such files and v.46F.no.12-43